The material used moves easily in mouth.
According to Sharangadhara – Medicated pastes are used for the purpose of kavala.
Types
Snaihika- Vata
Prasadi- Pitta
Shodhana- Kapha
Ropana- Vrana
Method of practice is same as Gandusha,the only difference is that the amount is less in kavala.Benefits are also similar to gargling.
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Oil Pulling or Gandusha is one of the morning regimen
This Ayurveda method involves Mouth completely filled with appropriate oil or liquid and kept without movement.
Gandusha should be done with concentration.Liquid should be kept in the mouth till before eye starts watering.
Everyday Gandusha is ideally done with oil or meat soup.
Note: Here there should not be movement of liquid inside mouth. Keep Sufficient time without any movement.
Unctuous substances like Sneha,milk,honey,water,shukta,alchohol, meat soup, wine, rice gruel and decoction are used in hot or cold conditions accordingly.
Practice of gandusha enhances strength of mandible
resonance of voice
nourishment of face
taste sensation and gives good taste.
It prevents dryness of throat,
cracking of lips,
decay of teeth and makes the teeth strong.
Person does not experience pain
tingling sensation after eating sour food or hard food.
Features of proper gargling
The alleviation of disease,proper nourishment,clarity of mouth, lightness of sense organs and clarity of sense organs are features of proper kavala and gandusha.
Features of improper gargling
Improper Gandusha leads to disease,excess of kapha in mouth and improper perception of taste.
Features of Excess of gargling
Excess of gandusha leads to mouth ulceration, disease in the mouth,excessive thirst and tastelessness.
Tongue should be done with an instrument which is smooth and soft.
It is better to use instrument made of silver, gold,iron.
For the maintenance of oral hygiene Brushing of teeth and tongue cleaning plays a vital role.
These are the basic rules of hygiene in a mans day to day life which all perform. But following it according to its ways gives out the better results and good health. Which is the – “AIM OF AYURVEDA”
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We come across the reference about nirgundi in kaiyadeva seperately indicated the properties of nirgundi flowers viz , pliharoga , gulma , kushta , sopha etc . He described its oil for vranashodhana . Dalhana describe (S.S.Ci.2/75) sephalika as raktha vrnta & sarada kusuma . This description specially indicate parijatha . Dalhana further described that harenuka as an aromatic substance . Susrutha (S.S.Ka. 2/5) included it renuka under poisonous fruits. Many modern writers have mentioned it as the fruits of Vitex negundo or Agnus castus linn. Nirgundi is described as analgesic , diuretic and emmanagague in ‘Indigenous drug of India’ . It decoction is used in the treatment of Beri-Beri (Vit. B1 deficiency). Fleming reported its anti-inflammatory properties . Europions used to sell it in the Mumbai market as the fomentation herb , its leafe oil is best for wound healing , pain .CNS disorders for external use .
According to botany many species are mentioned . Vitex negundo linn has both type of flowers white & light blue coloured flowers . the leaves of these plant is dentate . another species is also there Vitex trifolia . It is mentioned that both sinduvara & nirgundi have similar properties & action .
That which protect from number of disease . Sephali ; that which is liked by insects and flowers are blue in colour. Suvaha; The flowers are blue in colour or that which purifies the body. Sinduvara; It checks the accumulations of fluid in the body. Indrasurasa; The swarasa is an effective drug. . Sugandika; the leaves have aroma. Sheethasaha: a plant resistance to cold.
SPERMATOPHYTA
ANGIOSPERMAE
DICOTYLEDONAE
GAMOPETALAE
BICARPELLATAE
LAMIALES
VERBENACEAE
Plant flowers in june – august & fruits is december , january ,; Generally flowering stage begins during summers & rains and fruting during cold season .
Rasa : Katu , tiktha Guna : laghu , rooksha Veerya : ushna Vipaka ; katu
VATHA – KAPHAHARA
For pacifying vata nerves, mind or joints. R-arthritis and hepatitis. In the ear for relieving pain, headaches, eczema, psoritic arthritis internally and externally.
Hair loss arthritis fever amavata, all vata conditiion joint pain, ear ache intestinal worm skin conditions improves memory tonic hepatitis
PROPAGATION ; Shoot cutting , root suckers
MACROSCOPIC CHARACTERS: LEAVES
Size- shape : palmately compound , petiole 2.5 – 3.8 cm long Mostly trifoliate leaf , occasionally pentafoliate Surface ; globrous above , tomentose beneath Texture ; leathery Color; green Taste ; bitter Odor ; aromatic
The roots, fruits, flowers, leaves and bark of nirgundi have great medicinal value and are used for medicinal purpose externally as well as internally. Externally, nirgundi decoction is used for steam bath for arthritis, joint pains and sciatica. Particularly, nirgundi is very effective in alleviating the low back pain. The dried leaves when smoked are said to relieve catarrh and headache. Oil prepared with the juice is applied to sinuses and scrofulous sores. Oil is used also as bathing oil for rubbing on the head and in cervical lymphadenitis. The oil is also found to be salutary for sloughing wounds and ulcers. In premature graying of hair and scalp infections like pediculosis and lice, the oil is applied with great benefit. Decoction of nirgundi leaves is an effective gargle in stomatitis and sore throat. The poultice of hot leaves applied on swollen and painful joints, effectively mitigates the pains. Medicated oil is beneficial in suppurative otitis. The tub-bath of the decoction of its leaves is rewarding in sciatica, epididymo-orchitis and uterine inflammations. Internally, nirgundi is salubrious in vast range of diseases. It is used in vitiated conditions of vata like sciatica, arthritis, headache, spondylosis as a pain killer. The leaves juice is given along with cow’s urine, as a panacea for splenic pathology, associated with ascites. Nirgundi is extremely beneficial in cough, asthma, bronchitis and inflammatory conditions of pleura. Being diuretic, it is valusble in strangury to facilitate the micturition. The skin affections associated with pruritus are effectively ameliorated with nirgundi. The juice of leaves combined with honey, alleviates fever. Nirgundi is an influencial herb in vitiated conditions of vata, like hysteria, epilepsy, insomnia, vertigo etc. and works well as a brain tonic as well. It is a good rejuvenating plant in general debility. It works well as a rasayana with silajita (Black Bitumen).
A great analgesic, anti inflammatory, antibacterial, cleaning and healing wounds, hair tonic. Heated Nirgundi leaves are tied over the affected part (or poultice) headache, scrotal swelling, synovitis, arthritis pain and rheumatic arthritis. Decoction prepared from leaves used in tub bath for endometritis, colitis and orchitis. In these conditions reduces obstruction of blood and amakapha, increases perspiration, reduces oedema and also relieves pain. Gargles with decoction of leaves useful in pharyngitis, stomatitis, difficulty in deglutation and inflammation. Smoke of the dry leaves useful for headaches, sinusitus and common cold. Nirgundi oil best in wounds for dry cleaning, anti-infective and to remove foul smell. Oil is also useful in baldness.
Circulatory system: White flowered Nirgundi used in oedema induced by kaphavata. As acts on the raktadhatu and alleviates vata and kapha, used in inflammatory conditions of liver and spleen. Mixture of leaf juice and cow’s urine an effective remedy for ascitis. Digestive system: As tikta, katu and ushna properties improves appetite and digestion. Useful in loss of appetite, anorexia, amadosha, hepatitis and is anthelmintic. Nervous System: An analgesic, brain tonic and alleviates vata, therefore useful in headache, sciatica, rheumatic arthritis, synovitis, improves memory. Respiratory system: By removing kapha from the respiratory passage, improves ventilation, therefore used in kapha kasa, asthma, pneumonia and pleurisy. Reproductive system: Improves menstral flow, therefore used in dysmenorrhoea and obstetric conditions. Skin: Valuable medicine for skin diseases, urtucarua and eruptions. Urinary system: Diuretic, hence useful in dysuria and anuria. In gonorrhoeal infection helps in passing urine smoothly. Ama pachana – digests ama. Artavajanana – menogouge. Balya – strengthening tonic. Chakshushya – good for vision. Keshya – good for the hair. Krumighna – destroys parasites. Kustaghna – skin conditions. Medhya – brain tonic. Mutrajanana – diuretic. Rasayana – rejuvenative. Shotahara – anti-inflammatory Vatahara – pacifies vatav. Vedanasthapana – removes pain. Vishaghna – anti-poison. Yakrituttejaka – liver regulator
Leaf juice : 10-20ml Root bark powder : 3-6g Seed powder : 3-6g FORMULATIONS
The mula is frequently adulterated by the species of stems , which are somewhat quadrangular , having a finely hoary downy surfaces of grey colour.
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Nagabala
Ganngeruki
Khargandhinika
Visvedeva
Arista
Khanda
Jhasa
Hrsvagavedhuka
Kala
Sita bala
Udanika
Mahasamga
Vrisharuha
Valadwaya
Vridhivala
Bhoomibala
English – Heart leaf fan petals, snake mallow.
Hindi – Bananiyar, Bhyunli bhuinii
Tamil – Palampasi
Marathi – Nagabala
Gujarati – Gangeti
Bengali – Goraksha chakule
Telugu – Gayapaaku, bekkinata legida
Kannada – Nagabala, Turuvegida
Malayalam – Vallikkuruntotti, Nagabala.
Two plants are mainly used with this name.
Mula Curna – 3 – 6 gms
Kwatha – 50 – 100 ml
Phala – 3 – 6 gms
Puspa – 3 – 6 gms
Pancanga curna – 3 – 6 gms
β– Phenenthylamines
Quinazoline
Gossypol
Sterculic acid
Linoleic acid
Rasa – Madhura, Kasaya
Guna – Guru, snigdha, picchila
Virya – Sita
Vipaka – Madhura
Doshagna – Vata – pitta samaka
Nadibalya – Medhya
Snehana – Amlatanasaka
Hrdya – Raktapittasamaka
Vrsya – Garbhasthapana
Kaphanihsaraka
Rasayana
Mutrala
Dahaprasamana
Jvaraghna
Raktastambhana
Vedanasthapana
Vranaropana
Kosthagatavata – Vibandha
Kasa – Svasa – Svarabheda
Raktapradara – Garbhapata
Amlapitta
Urahksata
Sosa
Sukradourbalya
Mutrakrcchea
Jvara
Hrdroga
Raktapitta
Vrana – Ksata
Nadidourbalya
Vata vyadhi
The controversy on Nagabala or Gangeruki seems to be relatively recent cakrapani considered Gangeruki as Nagabala Fruit [C.S.27/142]. In this context Gangadhara clarified that this plant is also known as Guda sarkara. In another context cakrapani described Nagabala as Goraksa Tandula (S.S. Su 15/33] Sivadas sen also opined that Nagabala is Goraksa Cakuliya. Another commentator Adhamalla also mentioned that Nagabala and Guda sarkara are the synonyms of Gangeruki.
From the above finding it is apparent that the controversy started with the synoymn / vernacular name Guda sarkaea which is Grewia species Thakurji described that different plants viz. Sida spinosa, sida vermicaefolia, urena lobata, Grewia populifolia & Grewia hirsuta have been accepted as Nagabala at various places.
Gangeruki and Guda sarkara may be the two species of Grewia i.e Grewia populifolia and Grewia hirsuta respectively . Therefore Nagabala can be accepted as sida veronicaefolia.
EXTERNAL USES:
It has haemostatic, analgesic and wound healing properties. Paste of either root or leaves used for bleeding disorders & wounds.
INTERNAL USES:
THERAPEUTIC USES
YOGAS
Indrokta Rasayana
Nagabala rasayana
Yastyahvadi ghrta
Nagabala kalpa
Brahma rasayana
Nagabala yoga
Nagabala ghrta
Bala taila
Bala rista
Ksheerabla taila
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The drug mishreya has been mentioned by charaka under Madhura skanda.
In this varga chatra and atichatra described. It is identified as foeniculum vulgare.
Sharasaghara quoted mishreya as the example for deepaniya dravya.
It can attain in the other aushada guna . posses good qualities by nature.
The flower are looking downwards.
Inflorescence is umbella shaped.
Leaf shape is like that of palm tree leaf.
Makes particular sound while pouring fruits in container.
It has sweet taste.
DIFFERENT VARITIES
English – fennel.
Hindi – saompha.
Kannada – Badisoppu.
Malayalam – perumijirakam, perinurakam.
Gujurati – variyali.
Tamil- soumbu.
Telugu –sompu.
From the description of bhavamishra it be concluded the chatra and alichatra of classical literature may be foeniculum vulgare and A. sowa, mill respectively.
Precharoga, taaluroga, arsadosha.
Krimi, baddavit, kara, aruchi, vrana.
Amaatisara, shoola, deepana pachana.
Oral administration of seed extract for 15 days to male rats decreased total protein concentration in tests and vas defence but increased it in seminal vesicles and prostate gland; acid and alkaline phosphatase activities decreased in all these tissues. In female rats, moderated doses. Increased weight of oviduct; endometrium. Cervix and vagina (Ind.J.physiol pharmacol).
Foeniculum vulgare mill ‘purpureum’ or ‘vigra’, ‘bronze-leaved’ fernel is widely available as a decorative garden plant.
Fernel has become naturalized along road side, in pasteurs, and in other open sites in many regions, including northern Europe, the united states, southern Canada and in much of asia and Australia it propogates well by seed and is considered as invasive species and weed in Australia and the united states in western north America fernel can be found from the coastal and inland -wildland urban interface east in to hill and mountain areas excluding desert habitats.
