BOTANICAL NAME : Saraca indica Linn.

Saraca asoca Roxb. De. Wilde

FAMILY : Fabaceae

 

Regarding the drug at hand, a clear description from Atharva Veda Parishishta indicates that Ashoka is known to Indians since vedic literature.

Charaka described it as an anodyne while Sushrutha mentioned it under Rodhradi guna. In this context , it is very important to note that Ashoka is not reported as an emmanagogue , oestrogenic or uterine tonic as claimed by the herbal industry. It is having styptic property like ergot preparations and it exhibits potent oxytocin like activity. Therefore one must be cautious while using its bark in therapeutics.

At present P. longifolia is popular as Ashoka tree since it is widely grown in the gardens. But the original material is also available abundantly.

 

 

LITERARY REVIEW

 

Charaka described it as an anodyne while Sushrutha mentioned it under Rodharadhi guna. Vrinda Madhava for the first time indicated it in Rakta Pradara. Vanjula is supposed to be the synomyn of Ashoka as well as Tinisa. Under Nyagrodhadi guna it will be wise to accept vetasa instead of Ashoka.

 

GANAS OR VARGAS

 

According to Charaka -Kashayaskandha,

Vedanasthapana

According to Susrutha – Lodhradi

According to Dhanwanthari Nighantu -Amradi Varga Nighantu

According to Bhavaprakasha Nighantu -Pushpa Varga

According to Raja Nighantu -Karaveeradi Varga

According to Kaiyadeva Nighantu -Oushadhi Varga

According to Sodhala Nighantu -Amradi Varga

According to Priya Nighantu -Harithakyadi Varga.

SYNONYMS

 

Ashoka: That which relieves or sufferings, especially of women.

Hemapushpa: Golden yellow flowers.

Thamrapallava :Tender leaves are coppery reddish in colour.

Kankeli : Plant bears a pleasant look.

Vanjula : Holds sheetala gunas

Pindapushpa : Flowers occur in clusters

Gandhapushpa : Flowers have pleasant smell or fragrance.

Madhupushpa : Flowers during vasantha or spring.

Sthreepriya : Liked by women, as it is useful in gynaecological

disorders.

VERNACULAR NAMES

 

• English – Ashoka Tree
• Hindi – Ashoka
• Malayalam – Ashokam
• Marathi – Ashoka
• Tamil – Ashogham
• Telugu – Ashokapatta
• Gujarathi – Ashoka
• Kannada – Ashokadama

PROPERTIES

Rasa – Kasaya, Tikta

Guna – Laghu, Ruksha

Virya – Sheetha

Vipaka – Katu

Doshaghnata – Kaphapittahara

 

KARMA

• Aarthavashamana – Dahaprashamana
• Rakthasthambanashodana – Sramahara
• Shothahara – Vishagna
• Krimigna – Vedanasthapana
• Grahi – Varnya
• Mutrala – Hrdya
• Asmarinaashana – Garbashayahitha

PRAYOGA

• Raktapradara
• Swethapradara
• Kashtarthava
• Garbhashaya shaithilya vikara
• Athisara
• Pravaahika
• Krimiroga
• Thrishna
• Daha
• Srama
• Shotha
• Raktapitta
• Mutrakrichra
• Asmari
• Mutraghata
• Udararoga
• Gulma
• Adhmana
• Vedanapradhana vikara
• Shosha
• Raktavikara
• Varnavikara
• Raktadosha

PRAYOGYANGA

 

Bark

Flowers

Seeds

DOSAGE

 

Twak Kashaya – 50 – 100 ml

Pushpa choorna – 1 – 3 g

Beeja choorna – 1 – 2 g

VISHISTA YOGAS

 

• Ashokarishtam
• Ashokaghritham

THERAPEUTIC USES

• Plant is useful as an astringent drug which is generally recommended as a uterine tonic and frequently used in menorrhagia and uterine affections.
• Bark is cooling to the bowels, antihelminthic, anti dysenteric and antidote to poisons. It cures sore throat, aching, bronchitis, indigestion, heaviness, ulcers, boils, psoriasis, inflammations, leprosy, anaemia, leucoderma.
• It is useful to cure dyspepsia, thirst, and burning sensation, diseases of the blood and effect of fatigue.
• It is given in enlargement of abdomen, colic, piles and bloody discharges from the uterus. It is useful against tumours, ulcers.
• The bark is used internally in cases of menorrhagia and allied menstrual troubles.
• Useful in fractures of the bones.
• Beautifies complexion.
• Seeds are useful in urinary discharges.
• Bark is much used in treatment of uterine affections and is valued for menorrhagia. A decoction of bark preparation in milk is orally given as a specific recommendation.
• Liquid extract of the bark which is strongly astringent has been found to get good results considerably when administered in cases of menorrhagia.
• Bark, flowers and fruits are used in combination with other drugs for the treatment of snake bite and scorpion sting.
• The decoction of the bark is also used as an efficacious remedy for haemorrhoids and blood dysentery.The fluid extract of the flowers is given in haemorrhagic kind of dysentery in doses. The powder of dried flowers is also given in diabetes.
• The bark is antidote to poisons, useful in stones of kidney and urinary bladder and used as a diuretic and anti inflammatory drug.
• Bark is also useful in recurring hemorrhoid tumors in female subjects.
• There is external application in conditions of pains and cases of sting poisons.

RESEARCH

 

1. The effect of the administration of an extract of bark was studied in mice that were treated with a dose of 2 mg / kg of cisplantin i.p for 5 days. The extract of bark partially prevented the decrease in body weight, hemoglobin levels and leucocytes counts caused by 2 mg / kg of cisplantin. The i.p administration of bark extract also significantly prolonged the life span of cisplantin treated mice almost 3 fold. In contrast, an extract of flowers only tended to protect from cisplantin induced falls in hemoglobin levels and leucocyte counts.
2. Flower extract administered orally indicated 50% in Dalton’s lymphoma indicated ascites and sarcoma 180 tumour cells at a concentration of 38 micrograms and 54 micrograms respectively with no activity against normal lymphocytes but preferential activity for lymphocytes derived from leukemia patients.

 

 

 

3. Flower bud extract inhibited such Esch. Coli, Salm.viballerup, Vibrio cholerae, Shigella dysenteriae and Shigella boydii and this inhibition were stronger than that of flower extract.
4. A phenolic glycoside P2 showed highly potent and specific oxytocic activity in vitro and invivo on uteri of rat and isolated human myometrial strips and fallopian tube. P2 was active in remarkably low concentration and nontoxic to animals up to 250 mg/ kg.
5. 2 crude glycosides isolated from bark exhibited uterine spasmogenic activity, both showed significant stimulant action on isolated uteri of rat, guinea pig, rabbit, dog and human, pure phenolic glycoside P2 was highly potent and showed consistent oxytocic activity.
6. Ashoka stimulated the uterus making the contractions more frequent and prolonged without producing the tonic contractions like ergot or pituitary. It should therefore be proved useful in all cases of uterine haemorrhages, where ergot is indicated viz. menorrhagia , metorrhagia, post partum hemorrhage etc.

HOUSE HOLD REMEDIES

Specifically the bark is highly astringent of this tree and is a household remedy particularly for menorrhagia and leucorrhoea. It is orally administered as a decoction in these disorders. 3 ounces of bark is boiled in milk unequal quantity and 4 times water, till the total quantity is reduced to about 3 ounces. It is given in 2 or 3 doses. The treatment is to commence from the fourth day of the monthly period and to be continued till the excess bleeding is checked . A fresh decoction has to be prepared daily and administered every day.

• Flowers are pounded and mixed with water and used to treatment of haemorrhagic dysentery.
• The powder of the seeds is given orally in calculus and urinary disorders.

Aragvatha

LITERARY REVIEW

Many references are available about the drug Aragvatha. In Vedic literature the dried branches of Aragvatha are used for ritual performance. AmoungBrhatTrayiCarakaemphasized its utility in kushta and described a chapter in its name Aragvathiyam (C.su.2) several external application containing Aragvatha are mentioned in this chapter. It is important to note that the leaves are repeatedly used in these conditions but not the fruit pulp.

Carakaseparately specified the utility of Aragvadha(fruit pulp) as a laxative or purgative (C.su.25)

Sargadhara quoted it as an example for sramsana group of drug Kaiyadeva identified the properties of leaves, flowers and fruit pulp of Aragvadha and mentioned them separately.

SYNONYMS

• Rajavrksa

VARIETIES

According to DhanvantariNighantu

2. Karnikara

According to Raja Nighantu

1. Aragvadha .

According to Vagbhata- varieties of palevata are

1. (sweet)
2. Amla (sour)

VERNACULARNAME

Hindi – Amaltas, Girimala

English – Purging cassia, Indian Laburnum.

Kannada – Kakke, kakkemara.

Malayalam – Kanikkonna.

Tamil – Konnai.

PROPERTIES

Rasa :Madhura, Tikta

Guna :Guru,Mrdu,soigdha

Virya :Sita.

Vipaka :Madhura.

Dosagnatha : Vatapittasamaka,pittakapha

samsodhana, Tridosahari

KARMA

• Kusthagna
• Kandugna
• Rakthasodhana
• Anulomana
• Kosthasuddhikara
• Ruchivadhaka
• Hrdyasothhara
• Mutrajanana
• Dahaprasamana
• Jvaraghna
• Sula prasamana.

PRAYOGA

Abhyantara :-

In Vibandha, kosthagata kamala, vistambha, udararoga, udavarta, sula, aruci, yakrcchotha, kamala, pittodara, pandu, hrdrogaraktapitta, sotha, kustha, daha, tvagvikara, visarpa, jvara, pittajvara , vatavyadhi, vatarakta, urustambha, mutrakrccha, prameha, haridrameha, upadamsa, sitapitla

Bahya :-

In kustha, kandu, dadru, kitibhapama, vrana, vranasotha, sadyovrana, vatavikara, vedanasotha, sandhivata. mukhagalaroyagandamala, granthi.

CHEMICAL CONSTITUENT

• Seeds – sugars, galactomann.
• Flowers – fistulin, leucopelargonidin, tetramer, kaempherd
• Pod – fistulic acid,
• Pulp – rennin, small amound of volatile oil, mucilaginous substance,

Glutine, pectine, colouring matter, calcium oxalate, alkalies.

• Bark and heart wood– barbaloin, fistucacidin rennin etc.
• Leaves – Rhein, sennosides A and B, very little tannin

OFFICINAL PART

• Root bark
• Leaves
• Fruit pulp.

DOSAGE

Root barkdecoction : 50- 100ml.

Flowerpaste : 5-10g,

Fruit pulp : 5-10g.

FORMULATIONS

• Aragvadhaditaila

THERAPEUTIC USES

• Kamala- Aragvadha fruit pulp is given with the juice of sugar cane or vidari or amalaki after fortifying with ( A.H.Ci.16)
• Gandamala- Root bark of Aragvadha is grinded with rice water and used for nasya and lepa. (V.M)
• Kusta – leaves of Aragvadha are made into paste with Aranala and applied externally ( V.S and V.M)
• Good laxative and anti dermatosis drug.
• Useful in boils, wound, ulcers, itchi and other skin affections, leprosy, gonorrhoea, constipation, abdominal disorders dyspepsia, indigestion, fever, jaundice, rheumatism, gout, goiter worms, paralysis.

RESEARCH

• Fruit pulp has been found to possess sighificant antipyretic and analgesic properties ( Patel et. al. 1965)
• The sugar free residue from the fruit pulp has been found to possess cathartic property in mice which was more than that of the total pulp. The minimum effective dose was 12 mg per mouse weighing 2gm (lyengar et al .1966)
• Aqueous entract of the fruit pulp has significant purgative action. In a dose of 250 mg and above, it caused purgative action that reached maximum in 6-9 hrs and lasted for 24 hrs. the purgative activity was attributed to the anthraquinones present ( Lilly kulty 1968)
• Out of the five glycosoids tested CFRI (one to the glycoside) alone exhibited marked antifungal activity ( venkitaraman and Radhakrishnan, 1972)
• The aqueous extract of fruit pulp had very little effect on arterial B.P of anaesthetized dogs and cats.But it caused an inhibitory effect on the isolated heart of frog and rabbit. At a dose of 80mg and above, it exhibited stimulant effect on smooth muscles of rabbit duodenum and guineapig ileum in vitro (Lillykkutty . 1968)
• The aqueous extract of leaves, stem bark, root bark and fruit pulp in a doseof 1g /100g body weight produced significant anti – inflammatory effect on albino rats. The root bark had maximum activity ( Lillykkutty, 1968)
• The leaves, stem bark and fruit pulp were found to have antibacterial activity the fruit pulp being the most potent in this respect ( Lillykkutty&Shanthakumari 1969)
• Elthanolicextract of root lowered blood sugar level up to 30% after 2 hrs in fasting rats ( Fitoterapia 1993)

FOLKLORE USES

The plant is used in folk remedies for tumors of the abdomen, glands, liver, stomach and throat impostumes of uterus.

Reported to be astringent laxative, purgative and vermifuge. Used in burns, cancer, constipation, convulsion, delirium,diarrhoea, disuria, epilepsy, haematuria, pimples and glandular tumors.

Fruit is used in abdominal pain

Seeds are considered as emetic

Leat poultices are applied externally for paralysis and rheumatism.

Bark and leaves are used for skin disease

Flower used for fever.

About the drug :-

Karkatasringi, it is known by the botanical name Pistacia integerrima belonging to Anacardaceae it has main actions like kapha vatahara, vrsya, grahi, dipana etc. It is an important herb with excellent therapeutic utility in kasa rogas.

 

 

LITERARY REVIEW

 

A herb karkatika is described in kesava paddhati (25/22). However its identity with P. interrima is doubtful. Mesasrngi is mentioned in Vishnu Dharma Sutra (61/5). Ajasringi quoted in the vedic literature is an important herb but it is a climber according to P.V Sharmaji and others. Therefore its identity appears controversial from the early times.

Both caraka and susrutha have delineated karkata or karkataka visa as a poison of vegetable origin. Karkataka is the name of the tree producing sringi (gall). People consider this tree as dreadful. It is important to note that susrutha classified it as kanda visa (poisonous tuber). Similar confusion is apparent in the context of Ganja which is categorized under moola visa (root poison). These aspects are to be taken up as one of the research topics in future and scientific evaluation is necessary.

Karkataka is the synonym of Trapusa (cucumber) as well. Caraka interpreted it as the small variety of amalaka (C.S Ni 14/90) Thakurji is the opinion that its identity is not impossible since the toxic symptoms of this plant are documented by susrutha (S.S. Ka 2/17). Therefore correct identity is possible.

 

SYNONYMS

 

 

• Ajasrngi
• Kulira visanika
• Vakra
• Srngi
• Vishanika
• Khosha
• Maha Khosha
• Kalika
• Shikhara
• Karkatatwa
• Chakara
• Kulira Vishanika
• Kuleer shringi
• Ghosha
• Chandra
• Kalinga
• Vanaja mardhaja
• Karkata
• Karkataki
• Arthachampika
• Latangi

VERNACULAR NAMES

 

English : Crabs claw

Hindi : Kakadasrngi, Kakarasingi

Kannada : Kakada shrungi, Karkataka shrungi

Tamil : Karkata shrungi

Telugu : Kakar singi, Karkataka shrungi

Malayalam : Karkataka sringi

Bengali : Kankihasringi

Assamese : Kakiasingi

Gujarati : Kakadashing

Kashmiri : Kakkar, Kamaladina

Marathi : Kakadshingi

Oriya : Kakadashrungi

Punjabi : Kakar, kakarsingi

Urdu : Kakarasinghi

 

 

 

PARTS USED

 

 

 

• Galls – srngaka kosa
• Horn like cocoons on the leaves.

DOSAGE

 

 

Powder – 3- 6g

CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS

It contain essential oil 1.3%, tannin, 60%, mastic gum 5%, a resinous substance, crystalline acids and also crystalline for hydro carbons 3 – 4 %.

 

Galls : Essential oil, resin, pistacienoic acid A & B,sitosterol, aroma dendrone, camphene, caprylic acid, caprylic acid, cineol, α pinene

 

Leaves & bark : Tannins

 

Seeds : Amino acid,dihydro malvic acid proteins,

sterals,triterPenoids.

 

Drupe oil : Pistacin, pistacinin,di hydro quocetin

 

PROPERTIES

Rasa	Kasaya,Tikta
Guna	Laghu, Ruksha
Virya	Usna
Vipaka	Katu
Dosa karma	Kapha – Vatha samaka

 

 

 

 

 

 

SROTHOGAMITHVA

Dosha : Kaphaghna,vatasamaka

Dhathu : Rasayani-rasa (fever)

Mala : Purisha – Constipative

Srotas : Respirative system (Dyspnoea and cough –

specially in children) Uterus (endometrium).

Age – children upto 3 – 4 years old.

 

KARMA

• Kasahara
• Kaphaghna
• Kaphanissaraka
• Hikka Nigrahana
• Sothahara
• Raktharodhahara
• Vrana – kshata ropana
• Dipana
• Vatanulomana
• Grahi
• Garbhashaya Sotha
• Sravarodhaka
• Jvaraghna
• Katu Poustika

PRAYOGA

 

• Svasa
• Kasa
• Hikka
• Galasotha
• Ksaya
• Rajayaksma
• Dantamula raktasrava vikara
• Vrana – ksata
• Agnimandya
• Udavarta
• Aruci
• Chardi
• Atisara
• Pravahika
• Balaroga
• Dantodbhedajanya vikara
• Pradara
• Puyameha
• Jvara
• Vataslaismika jvara

 

USAGE ACCORDING TO SYSTEM

 

Digestive System : Being Ushna, it is amappetize, carminative and astringent in nature, thus useful and effective in anorexia, dipsia and diarrhoea, dysentery. Mainly effective in children’s diseases.

 

Respiratory System : Because of its bitter and pungent taste, it is an expectorant and kaphagna. Helps in hiccough, cough, dyspoea. It acts as an expectorant and prevents, further productive cough and strengthens the respiratory membrane (inner lining of the surface). It is also effective in pharyngitis and sore throat.

 

Reproductive System: It alleviates endometritis and also reduces uterine exudates, thus helps in healing. It also alleviates gonorrhoea induced inflammation and discharges.

CLASSICAL USES OF KARKATASRINGI

 

• Vataja kasa – Karkatasringi powder is given with oil as anupana. (C.S Ci 18)

 

• Vaji karana – Karkatasringi kalka should be taken with milk while consuming sugar,ghee and milk as the main diet.

(A.S Ut 50)

 

• Kasa – Karkatasringi powder may be licked with ghee sugarand honey followed by milk as anupana.

(A.S Ci 4)

 

• Kapha chardi – Powder of musta and karkatasringi is useful.

(C.S Ci 20)

 

• Hiccough – Gruel cooked with karkatasringi is beneficial for

thosesuffering from asthma and Hiccough.

(C.S Ci 17/101)

 

• Asthma – Powder of karkatasringi and seeds of radish mixed with honey and ghee alleviates asthma

in children. (BS. Balaroga 62)

 

 

 

 

 

• Vomiting – In order to check vomiting caused by Kapha

one should take:

• Powder of jambu and badara (fruits).
• Karkatasringi mixed with musta
• Duralabha with honey (C.S Ci 20/38)

 

• A6 aphordisiac – One who takes paste of Karkatasringi

dissolved in milk keeping onthe diet of cereals with sugar, ghee and milk perform like bull in woman. (A.S U 50/44)

 

• Samphoga Sakti – The paste of karkatasringi galls dissolved in

milk is orally given to a person (keeping

him on diet of cereals of with sugar ghee

and milk)for attaining strong sexual power.

 

• Throat Complaints- Powder of drug Karkatasringi (galls powder).

 

• Chest complaints – Powder of Karkatasringi.

 

 

FOKLORE USES

 

 

• It is used widely as an herbal remedy for many ailment, including cough, asthma, fever vomiting and diarrhoea.

 

• Long horn shaped leaf galls that often develop on this tree are harvest and used to make karkadasringi and herbal medicine for diarrhoea in northern India.

 

• It is traditionally used as folk remedy for various pathological conditions including diabetes.

 

 

RESEARCH

 

 

• Oil is extracted from pistacia chinensis exhibited CNS depressant activity. ( Int. J Pharmocology 1993)

 

 

• Pistagremic acid, a glucosidase inhibitor from pistacia integerrima, is responsible for the folk use of this plant in diabetes.

 

 

 

 

 

YOGAS

 

• Bala caturbhadra curna
• Srngyadi curna
• Karkatadi curna
• Bala sanjivani curna
• Dasamula kwatha curna
• Cyavanaprasa
• Kasavati

 

 

INTRODUCTION

Amla is one of the most celebrate herb in the Indian traditional medicine, Ayurveda. Amla’s traditional uses include as a laxative,eye wash,appetite stimulant,restorative tonic and to treat anorexia and jaundice.

Amla is becoming increasingly well known to its unusually high level of vitamine C which is resistant to storage and heat damage due to cooking.

It is found natively in India.Indian gooseberry has been used as a valuable ingredient of various medicine in India and abroad.Amlaki is one of the most common and important herb in Ayurvedic medicin

LITRARY VIEW

Reference of amalaki is found in Brahatrayi’s.Accordingly to Caraka it comes under kasahara, jvarahara, kushtagna, vayasthapa,virechanopaka.Susrutha mensioned under Parushakadi and Triphaladi ganas.

It is also mentioned in Bhavaprakasha,kaiyyadeva,and Dhanvanthari nigantu,nigantu karas mensioned Amalaki in many synonyms which one used by most of the nigantu karas are,Amrutha phala,Tishyaphala,shiva,Shreephala,Dhatri phala etc.

 

VARIETIES

Wild and cultivated varieties are VANYA and GRAMYA respectively. Wild fruits are small,hard,ostonny, while cultivated variety are bigger,fleshy and smooth.Various varieties from locality,production and quality(also purpose of use ) point of view.

There are different cultivated varieties of Embilica officianalis available

• Four improved varieties are:-

1. Krishna
2. Amrith
3. Neelam
4. Kanjan

These varieties are developed by Narendradev university of agri and tech.Gaizabad U.P.

SYNONYMS AND THEIR INTERPRETATIONS

• Amrut:Fruit intake help to maintain health
• Amruthaphala:A best fruit like amrutha/a good rasayana dravya
• Vayastha:That improves logevity
• Tishyaphala:A fruit appears in pushya masa
• Vrishya:That which improves virility/vitality
• Jatiphala rasa:The fruit juice is useful like that of jatiphala
• Shivam:Auspicious and beneficial all way like of shiva
• Sreephala: Thefruit when completely ripen looks beautiful.
• Tishyaphala:Promotes dhatus in the body/protect from all diseases like a mother.
• Vaya:stha:Maintain youthfulness in person
• Aamla:Purifying the body by removing the mala
• Vrutaphala:The fruits are round in shape
• Kolam:The weight of the each of the ripend fruit is about one kola
• Korangaka:Obtained from koranga desha
• Sheetaphalam:It is a sheeta virya dravya
• Shadarasa:Sodala nigantu mensions that amalaki has six rasas
• Bahuphali:Plant yield abundant of fruits
• Amlika:Fruit,leaves are sour in taste
• Karshaphala:well grown fruit weighs one karsha
• Aamraphala:Fruit is sour in taste

 

VERNACULAR NAMES

English : Indian goose berry

Hindi : Aamla

Telugu : Visiri kaya

Tamil : Nellikai

Kannada : Nelli

Bengali : Amla

Gujarathi : Anvla

Marathi : Anvala

Pharasi : Amlaj,Amal

Arabic : Ambliy

Assam : Amlaki

Burma : Hziphya

Chinese : An mo le

Nepal : Amla

Portuguese : Mirobalan embilico

Punjab : Ambal

Tulu : Nelli

Urdu : Anwala

 

PARTS USED

• Phala(fruit)
• Patra(leaf)
• Twacha(bark)

 

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

Root contain:

Ellagic acid,lupeol,Oleanolic aldehyde

Bark contain:

Luecodel phinidin,pro cyanidin,tannin

Fruit contain:

Vitamin C,phyllemblin,linolic acid,indole,acetic acid and ayxubsin,trigaloyl glucose,terchebin,corilagin,ellagic acid,phyllamblic acid and salts

Fruits is rich source of vitamin C,seeds contain fixed oil,phosphatides and an essential oil.

Fruit,leaveand bark are rich in tannin,fruit contain Gallic acid,tannic acid,resinous matters,glucose,albumin,cellulose and minerals specially Ca other than good content of vitamin C and other substance.

 

PROPERTIES AND DOSHAGNATA

Rasa : Pancha rasa(alavana)

Amla(pradhana rara)

Guna : Lagu,ruksa,seeta

Virya : Madhura

Dosha karma: Tridosha hara,pitta shamaka

KARMA

• Rajanigantu

Rasayana

Vayasthapana

Sarva doshahara

Sothahara

Sramahara

• kaiyyadeva nigantu

Sarva doshahara

Indriya balya

Kaphagna

Trishnahara

Caksusya

Sukrahara

Chardigna

Santaniya

Svethahara

Medohara

Keshya

• Bhavaprakasha

Raktasthambaka

Rakta prasadaka

Vrisya

Mutrala

Daha prashana

Srama hara

PRAYOGA

CHAKRADHATTA	Mastishka Dhourbalya
	Naadi Dhoubalya
	Dristimandya
	Kasa
	Shoola

KAYYADEVA NIGHANTU	Indriya Dhourbalya
	Trisna
	Netra vikara
	Shukra dosha
	Chardhi
	Medo roga
	Keshavikara

VAGBHATTA	Prameha
	Trsna
	Dhourbalya
	Svasa
	Hridroga
	Jvara
	Kusta
	Kandu

BHAVAPRAKASA	Rakta Vikara
	Rakta Prasadaka
	Mutra Vikara
	Daha
	Srama

RAJA NIGHANTU	Shodha
	Srama
	Gulma
	Raktapita
	Shiroroga

CHARAKA	Raktapita
	Vamana
	Atisara
	Dhourbalya
	Yakshma
	Kshaya
	Svasa
	Kasa

Sl. No	Formulations	Indications
1.	Dhatyaadi Ghrita	Samaroga, Pipasa, Mutragata, Aruci, Mutra Krichra
2.	Triphaladi Kwatha	Sukrameha
3.	Phalaghritam	Yonimula, Pindita, Calita, Pittayoni, Sukradosha, Garbhadosha, Balagrahani
4.	Amalakyadi Kwatha	Srama, Tarpana, Raktapitta, Daha, Soola, Mutra Krichra.
5.	Dhatri Leha	Vishtambha, Daha, Parinama sula, Kamala, Pandu
6.	Triphala Leham	Sula
7.	Chyavanaprashavaleha	Kasa, Svasa, Shataksheena, Svarabheda, Kshaya, Hridroga, Rasayana
8.	Amalakyadi Avaleha	Halimaka, Kamala, Panduroga
9.	Amalakyadi Curna	Jwara, Dipana, Pachana, Agnimandya
10.	Dhatrarishta	Pandu, Kamala, Hridroga, Vatarakta, Vishama jwara, Kasa, Hikka, Aruci, Svasa, Palitya, Galaroga, Rajayakshma, Urakshatha etc.
11.	Triphala Curna	Akshiroga, Twakroga, Vishama Jwara, Kleda, Prameha, Raktavikara etc

PHARMACO-THERAPEUTIC PROPERTY AND ACTION

1.Jvara

1. The fruit of amalaka fruit is dried with ghee alleviates jvara(c.chi 8/230).
2. The patient of fever in case of loss of sweat and sleep accompanied by excess thirst,shoud taken liquid gruel processed with sundi & amalaka rubbed with sugar and fried with ghee,it alleviates jvara(c.chi 2/187).

2.Loss of appetite.

1. The amalaka fruit are roasted on charcoal fire added with ghee,jiraka and salt and fumigated with hingu.They stimulate appetite.

3.Piles

1. Phalarishta
2. Kan akarishta
3. Kashaya made of Kashmarya & amalaka and taken with supernatend fatty layer of curd controls Bleeding piles.

(c.chi 16/13)

1. A regimen of butter milk with amalaka,guduchi etc is prescribed in piles(ss.u 54/13)

4.Worms

The juice of amalaka or decotion of Bibhithaka/Harithaki mixed with honey is useful as anupana (ss.u.54/31).

 

5.Anaemia

1. The juice of amalaka and sugarcane in the form of mantha is beneficial in case of anaemia(ss.u.44/8)
2. One should take the powder of amalaki with honey(ss.u.44/27)

6.Jaundice

1. Dhatryavaleha(c.chi.16/100-01)
2. Dhathyarishta(c.chi.16-111-13)
3. The juice of grape and Amalaka is useful as a drink and food in case of jaundice (c.chi 16/114)

7.Intrinsic hemorrhage

1. Amalaki fruit are mixed with plenty of honey and sugar should be used as a purgative the juice is particularly in Rakta pitta(c.chi4/57-8)
2. Fine paste of the amalaki fried with ghee is applied on head,it cures epitaxis instantaneously (v.m.9/30)

8.Hoarsness of voice

1. In case of hoarsness of voice one can take Amalaka fruit with milk(R.m.10/3)

9.Cough

1. Juice of amalaka fruit cooked and added with ghee can be taken in cough(ss.u32/36)

 

 

10.Hicough

1. The juice of amalaka and kapitha mixed with pippali powder and honey check hiccough(c.chi.17/135).

11.Heart diseases

a)In Agasthyavaleha,Chyavanaprashavaleha and Brahma rasayana amalaki is used.

12.Vomitting

1. In vomiting cold soup of green gram mixed with amalaka juice is taken(A.s.chi.8/15)
2. Amalaka fruit,draksha and sharkara,40g should be pounded and mixed with honey 40g and water 160 ml.All this should be strained by a cloth and used.(B.S.cardhi 37)

13.Thirst

1. In abmormal thirst of mouth,gargle should be used of sour and powder of amalaka(ss.u.48/17).

14.Udavartha(due to urinary obstruction)

In upward movment of vayu,juice of amalaki mixed with water should be taken for 3 days(ss.u 22).

15.Leprosy

One who take powder of amalaki and nimbi in morning regularly is free from leprosy

 

 

16.Vataraktha

One should administer decoction of amalaka and haridhra sweetened with honey(c.chi 5/10)

17.Greying of hair

One should apply the paste of mandura/amalaki and japa flowers on hair before taking bath is freed from the disease (v.m57/11)

18.Prameha

1. Amalaki and haridra are the best remedies for Prameha(AHU40/48)
2. The patient of prameha ,after unction,emesis,purgation and non-unction enemia,should be given with haridra and honey(v.m35/16,c.chi11/8)

19.Suppression of urine

1. One taking 160ml of amalaki juice mixed with honey one is relieved of the urinary troubles(ss.u.58/39-40)
2. One should take the Ela with amalaki juice(ss.u58/41)

20.Eye diseases

1. Juice coming out of the fresh amalaki fruit staying in the plant after piercing with nail alleviate numerous diseases of eye caused by aggrevation of vata,pitta and kapha(R.m.3/10).

 

21. As a preventive measures

Healthy persone should wash his mouth,face and eyes with decoction of amalaka(cold water inorder to prevent disorders of face,dryness of mouth&diseases caused by rakta and pitta.

 

RESEARCH STUDIES

• The inhibitory activity of the Phyllanthus emblica leaf extract against human polymorpho nuclear luecocytosis(PNN) and platlets functions was studied.The result showed that leaves have inhibitory activity on PNNs and platlets which conform its anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic activity.
• Anti-diabetic and hypoglycaemic activity:Emblica fruit powder rereduces blood sugar level in normal rabbit as well as hyperglycemic rabbit, proving the hypoglycemic activity(tripatti et al 1999)
• Anti-peptic ulcer activity:30 cases of ulcer and non-ulcer dyspepsia showed equal improvement in subjective and objective parameters with conversional antacid and emblica fruit.Dried seed powder (10g in two divieded doses for 4 weeks) significantly reduced the symptoms in Amla pitta.(Sharma 1990)
• Hypo lipidaemic and anti-atherosclerotic activity: Five groups of rabbits were studied for 16 weeks to determine the emblica fruit and vitC in cholesterol hyper cholestrolaemia and atherosclerosis both reduced the serum cholesterol(takur&mandal1984).
• Anti-microbial activity: Emblica found to have very potent anti-microbial activity(vinayakamoorthi1982).Isolation of the anti-microbial substances phyllamblin from the stem-gall callus is reported(jain et al 1984).
• Anti-inflammatory activity:The water fraction of the methanol extract of the leaves was effective in rat paw inflammation (summanen1993)
• Anti-emetic activity:The crude alcoholic extract of emblica fruit administered orally and was effective in controlling centrally induced emesism by apo morphine in dogs.
• Rasayana activity:Amalaki rasayana is said to have growth promoting effect(growth and longevity) drug has no significant effect on the level of serum protein fraction,yet it raises the total protein level and increases the body weight.The studies also indicate that the increase in body weight is due to a positive nitrogen balance.(tevari et al 1968).
• Phyllamblin antagonized the spasmogenic effect of acetylcholine,bradykinin&serotonin on the guinea pig ileum(khurana et al 1970)

 

MARTRA

1. Fresh juice : 10-20
2. Churna : 3-6
3. Loha : 20gm

GMELINA ARBOREA

 

 

INTRODUCTION

 

Gambhari is considered as Rakshoghna in nature as per ancient text in India. It is important among the true used in Yajna. It is one among the Brihat Panchamoola.

 

It will be interesting to note that the term Gambhar used routinely now for Kashmari was not mentioned in Brihat trayi. However ,other synonyms Like sriparni and Sadabhara are used by them . Ghambhari is the term actually used by tribal people of Bihar.

 

Caraka quoted its fruit as best among Rakta. Sangrahaka and Raktapittahara. It’s fruit is one among the madhura Triphala. Gambhari fruit is considered as substitute for Praksha. It is Brmhana vrsya and Rasayana.

 

Kaiyadeva described its flower as sangrahi and vatavardaka.

SYNONYMS

 

• Gambhari
• Kashmari
• Shriparni
• Madhuparnika
• Pitharohini
• Hura
• Bhadraparni
• Kashmarya
• Mahakusumika
• Madhu rasa.

 

CLASSICAL CATEGORIZATION

 

Acc to caraka – shothahara, Dahaprashamana, virechanopaga.

 

Acc to sushrutha – sarivadi, Brihat panchamula .

 

Acc to vagbhata – sarivaadi.

 

 

VERNACULAR NAMES

 

• English – coomb teak
• Hindi – Gambhar
• Bengali – Gamari
• Gujarathi – Shewan
• Bombay – She wan
• Panjabi – Kumhar
• Telugu – Gumar tek
• Tamil – Gumuadu, Gumadi
• Malayalam – Kumbula
• Kannada – Kashmiri mara.

PARTS USED

 

• Root – root bark
• Bark
• Fruits
• Leaves

 

 

 

 

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

• Roots contain yellow thick, oil, resin an alkaloid and little benzoic acid.
• Fruits contain butyric , butyric acid and tartaric acids sugar and little tannin.

 

 

PROPERTIES

 

Rasa : Tiktha, Kashaya, Madhura

Guna : Guru

Virya : Ushna

Vipaka : Katu

Doshakarma : Tridosha shamaka.

 

KARMA

• Sothahara
• Hrdya Rathapitta shaamaka.
• Sandhaniya – Balya
• Mutrajanana
• Garbhasthapana- sthanyajanana
• Vrsya
• Jwaragna- Dahaprashamana
• Katu poustica
• Brachmana
• Rasayana
• Vishagna
• Sitala – snehana
• Vedanasthapana
• Keshya, Deepana, Pachana.
• Bhedhana, Arshogna.

 

PRAYOGA

• Daha – Trishna
• Jvara – Sirasula
• Bhrama – Mastiska dourbalya.
• Vata vikara
• Agnimandya, Vibhanda arsa.
• Sotha – Hridroga, – Raktha pitha.
• Vrakshata – Kshayaroga
• Mutrakrichra – Basthisotha
• Sukrodaurbalya – Garbharava.
• Sutikaroga – Garbhasayasotha.
• Vrschika Damsha – Visha.

 

PHARMACO-THERAPEUTIC ACTION & USES

 

• The root and bark of Gmelina arborea are claimed to be stomachic, galactogogue, and anthelmenthic improves appetite , useful in hallucination, piles and abdominal pains.
• The fruits are acrid ,sour bitter, sweet, cooling diuretic, tonic aphrodisiac, alterative, astringent to the bowels.
• They are also useful to promote the growth of hairs.
• The flowers are anti dermatoses, they are useful in leprosy and blood diseases.

 

 

THERAPEUTIC USES

• Juice of tender leaves is useful as demulcent . It is given in gonorrhoea and cough etc; They are also used for cleaning ulcers.
• The root acts as stomachic and nerve tonic it is used in insanity and epilepsy. Root decoction is given in fever, indigestion.
• Dry fruit is used in Rajayakshma.
• Decoction of root is used in garbhashaya shotha.
• Fruit helps to relieve the thirst.
• Swarasa of root with cows milk and sugar is given in mutra krcchra.
• Decoction of its roots is given orally in treatment of snake bite.
• Fruits are useful in vitiation of vata , thirst, anaemia.

FOLKLORE USES

 

 

• The root decoction is used for abdominal tumours.
• Flowers used for blood disorders and leprosy.
• Root used for abdominal pains, burning sensations.
• Fever, hallucination, thirst.
• It is folklore remedy for anasarca, anthrax, bites, blood disorders, cholera, convulsions, diarrhea, and fever gravel.
• Deeming the fruit is alternative aphrodisiac and diuretic.

 

RESEARCH

 

• The alchoholic extract of stem bark and wood of the stem were found to posses hypoglycemic activity in albino rats.
• The stem bark also showed antiviral activity against ranikhet disease virus.
• Premnazole showed anti-inflamatory activity temparable to that of phenyle butasone in reducing cotton pellet induced granuloma formation in rats , it probably acts by regulating activity of ACTH.

DOSE

 

• Root – bark juice 10 – 20 gms.
• Decoction – 40-80 gms.

 

 

FORMULATIONS

 

• Sriparnyadi kvatha
• Sriparni – taila
• Brihat panchamuladi kwatha.

YAVASA

Alhagi Camelorum

[Fabaceae]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The drug Yavasa, is known by the botanical name Alhagi camelorum, belonging to fabaceae family. It has main action like pitta-shleshma prashamana, trsnanigrahana, dahaprasamana etc.. It is an important herb with excellent therapeutic utiltiy in jvara, raktapitta . It is one among the controversial drug. WHO has evolved guidelines to support the development of traditional medicines in member status.

 

 

 

LITERARY REVIEW

 

The drug Yavasa is explained in all brihathraies. Acharya charaka mentioned this drug in 3^rd chapter of Suthrasthana and 3 , 4 , 14^th chapter of cikitsasthana.Acharya vagbhata mentioned in his uttaratantra 22^nd chapter. Acharya susrutha mentioned this drug in his suthrasthana under the heading of Yasa sarkara Nighandus also mentioned about Yavasa.

 

SYNONYMS

 

Yasa

Yavasa

Balapatra

Yavasaka

Deerghamula

Kantaki

Vishagna

Marudbhava

Dusparsha

Thamramuli

Sevani

Khara

Dooramula

Vikarnika

Sookshmapatra

Anantha

Yavasasarkara

Rodanika

Sudooramula

VERNACULAR NAMES

 

English – Persian manna plant, Camal thron

Hindi – Javasa

Gujarati – Javaso

Bengali – Javasa

Arabi – Haj, Algoul

Persia – Khareshutur

Malayalam – Kappa ttumpa

Kannada – Turuche

Tamil – Punaikanjuri , Kanchori

Telugu – Chinnadoolagondi, Dhanvaya samu

 

GANA / VARGA

 

According to:

 

Charaka –

Susrutha –

Vagbhatta –

Kaiyadeva nighantu – Oshadhi varga

Shodala nighantu – Gudchyadi varga

Raja Nighantu – Shatahvadi varga

Bavaprakasa Nighantu – Gudchyadi varga

Dhanvanthari Nighantu – Shathapushpadi Varga.

PART USED

Whole plant

Yasasarkara

 

DOSAGE

Swarasa – 10 – 20 ml

Kwatha – 40 – 50 ml

Yasasarkara – 3 – 6 gms

20- 50 grams of the drug powder form for decotion

 

 

CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS

 

Melizitose – 47. 1 %

Sucrose – 26.4 %

Invert Sugar – 11.6 %

PROPERTIES

Rasa – Madhura, Tikta, Kasaya

Doshagna – Vata – pitta samaka

Kaphanihsaraka.

Guna – Guru, snigdha

Virya – Sita

Vipaka – Madhura

 

 

KARMA

Trsnanigrahana

Dahaprasamana

Mastiskasamaka

Chardinigrahana

Anulomana

Raktarodhaka

Kaphanihsaraka

Mutrajanana

Vrsya

Jvaraghna

Kalupoustika

Kotha prasamana

Balya

Brmhana

Tvagdosahara

 

 

PRAYOGA

Trsna

Chhardi

Arsa

Raktapitta – Vatarakta

Bhrama

Mastiska dourbalya

Pratisyaya – kasa – Svasa –galaroga

Mutrakrchra

Sirahsula

Sandhivata

Sukradourbalya

Carmaroga

Jvara – Vatapitta janyopadrava.

 

PHARMACO – THERAPEUTIC

ACTION & USES

EXTERNAL USES:

• It alleviates swelling and pain
• It is used in piles
• Leaf juice is used as nasal drops in headache.
• Oil boiled with dhamasa is used for massage in rheumaloid arthritis.
• Decotion is used for gargling in stomatitis and for cleaning wounds.
• It prevents pus formation.

 

INTERNAL USES

• It is used in symptoms like syncope.
• It is used in emesis, dyspepsia, constipation, jaundice.
• It is useful in haemorrhagic disorders.
• It is used in common cold, cough, asthma
• It is useful in neck stiffness.
• It increases physical strength , weight.

 

THERAPEUTIC USES

 

• The drug Yavasa is trsnanigrahana
• The Manna or Yasasarkara is mild laxative
• The plant is given as fodder to camels liking Yavasaka herb for their feed of relish.
• It is useful in burning sensation. Chronic fever, madatyaya, piles, diseases of mouth.
• This drug is used in the disorders of respiratory system.
• It is useful in toning up the brain.
• It is useful in seminal disorders.
• The decoction of herb or leaves is used as gargle in catarrhal and throat effusions.
• Used in general debility and skin affections.
• It is used in vertigo, haemorrhage, gout , fever.

 

YOGAS

 

Agasayavaleha

Khadiradi gulika

Vasadya ghrta

Cinnodbhavadi kwtha curna

Gandharvahastadi kwtha curna

Bharangyadi kwatha curna

Aremedadi taila.