Mahanimba, Aralu, Ailanthus triphysa Roxb:
Mahanimba, Aralu, Ailanthus triphysa Roxb:
SYNONYMS
- Maha nimba
- Deerkhavrinda
- Arala
- Pootivriksha
- Khodakaranja
VERNACULAR NAMES
English : Tree of heaven.
Hindi : Atu,Arlu,Artu
Malayalam : Matti,Mattippalmaram,pongalyam
Sanskrit : Mahanimba,Aralu
Telugu : Peddamanu
Tamil : Perumaran
SYSTEMIC CLASSIFICATION
Kingdom : Plantae
Phylum : Angiosperms
Class : Eudicots
Sub class : Rosids
Order : Sapindales
Family : Simaroubace
Genus : Alianthus
Species : triphysa
FAMILY CHARACTERS
Simaroubaceae:
The plants of this family are trees, shrubs, without resin canals often with very bitter bark wood and seeds.Leaves are alternate.Lamina is pinnately veined.Flowers aggregated in inflorescences in cymes,or in racemes,or in spikes,or in panicles,or in catkins.
DISTRIBUTION:
The members of simaroubaceae family are being distributed throughout India.
HABIT:
Generally the plants are trees or shrubs.They are cultivated in fields and growing wild also.
ROOT:
Root is tap and branched.
STEM:
Stem is erect,cylindrical herbaceous or woody.
LEAVES:
Leaves are alternate,spiral,petiolate,not gland dotted simple or compound.limina is pinnately veined.Lamina margins is entire.
INFLORESCENCE:
The inflorescence is cyme or receme or spike or panicles or catkins.The ultimate inflorescence unit is cymose or recemose.
FLOWER:
Flowers are minute or small,regular cyclic hermaphrodite.
CALYX:
It consist of 3-5 sepals.1 whorled,gamosepalous ir polysepalous,regular,imbricate or valvate.
COROLLA:
It consist of 3-5 petals, 1 whorled,polypetalous,imbricate or valvate and regular.
ANDROECIUM:
IT consist of 3-16 stamens.Filaments are appendiculate or not appendiculate. Anthers are dorsifixed or basifixed.
GYNOECIUM:
1 carpelled or 2-5 carpelled.Carpels reduced in number relative to the perianth or isomerous with perianth.
FRUIT:
Fruits are fleshy or non fleshy an aggregate or not an aggregate.Comprising berrylets or nutlets or druplets.
SEED:
Seeds are more or less non-endospermic. Cotyledons 2.
SEEDLING:
Germination phanerocotylar or crptocotylar.
FLORAL FORMULA:
% k (5), C(5), A(10 – ∞),G 1
MORPHOLOGY
Habit: It is large deciduous tree grows up to 30 m in height,with straight trunk.
Leaves: Alternate,pinnately compound,large 30-60 cm or more in length.
Leaflets: Leaflets are 8-14 or more pairs,long stalked ovate or broadly lance shaped from unequal base,long pointed hairy gland,coursly toothed and often lobed.
Inflorescence: Few flowered,axillary receme with the flowers densly arranged in pairs.
Flower: Flowers are cream or green in narrow panicles from upper leaf axils.
Fruit: Fruit is brownish,dry winged samara up to 5 cm long and usually held a cluster of three.
Calyx: It consist of 3-5 sepals and gamosepalous.
Corolla: It consist of 3-5 petals and polypetalous.Imbricate or valvate and regular.
Androecium: It consist of 3-16 stamens.Filaments are appendicular.Anthers dorsifixeed.
Gynoecium: 2-5 carpelled.Carpels reduced in number relative to perianth.
Seed: Reniform with a dark brown to black polished.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
Plant contain a rich amount of beta sitosterole,vaitexin 13-18 dehydroglucarabol-15,Ailanthione and Glucarabol-15.The bark contains several quassinoids including ailanthone derivatives.They exhibit antitumour activity against p-388 lymphocytic leukemia and are cytotoxic against K B test system.
PROPERTIES
Rasa : Tikta,kashaya
Guna : Lakhu,Rooksha
Veerya : Seeta
Vipaka : Katu
Doshagnatha : Tridosha nashaka,kapha pitta shyamaka
PART USED
- Bark
- Fruit
KARMA
- Grahi –Data base on Indian medicinal plants.
- Krimigna– Data base on Indian medicinal plants.
- Raktashodhaka- Data base on Indian medicinal plants.
- Kushtagna – Data base on Indian medicinal plants.
- Jwaragna – Data base on Indian medicinal plants.
- Anulomana – Data base on Indian medicinal plants.
- Sthanya shodana – Data base on Indian medicinal plants.
PRAYOGA
- Jwara-(Data based on Indian medicinal plants)
- Krimi roga-(Data based on Indian medicinal plants)
- Rakta vyadi-(Data based on Indian medicinal plants)
- Tridosa shamaka-(Data based on Indian medicinal plants)
PHARMACOTHERAPEUTIC USES
- The bark of ailanthus both in the recent and dried state, as remedy for dysentery and diarrhea, leurrhoea prolapsus ani etc.
- 50 gm of the root –bark are infused for a short time in 75 gm of hot water ,then strained,andwhen called, administered in a tea spoon full doses night and morning, it may be administered in sweetened orange-flower water or in some other aromatic.
- The leaves and bark in powder or in the form of an aqueous or of an alcoholic extract will remove tape worm.
- Dupis has also found it useful as a taenifuge.
- Root bark is used for cardiac palpitation, asthma, and epilepsy.
- The dose of the tincture is from 5 to 60 drops, repeated as often as required or from 2 to 4 times a day; specific ailanthus 5 to 20 drops.
DOSAGE
Stem bark : 1-3 gms
Decoction : 50-100ml